What is humanity?
As Christians, Presbyterians believe that there are some unique claims which we can make about the nature of humankind.  But, these claims are not in any way a substitute for what we can learn about ourselves from all the various sciences which study human nature and behavior.  A physician, sociologist, or psychiatrist can obviously tell us very important things about ourselves which a theologian cannot.  What Presbyterians have to say about humankind does not replace all the essential information which the various sciences give us.  Rather, Presbyterians try to get behind all the scientific claims about human nature.  We try to answer the question, “what does it mean to be a human being?”

What is the image of God?
“God created humankind in His image; in the image of God, He created them; male and female He created them” (Genesis 1:27).  This passage from the Bible is not referring to a physical image shared by God and humanity.  Presbyterians do not believe that we can look through a room full of people and claim that one might look more like God than the others.

Some have thought that this Biblical passage is referring to the rational, moral, and spiritual image of God.  But, the rational, moral and spiritual qualities of humankind are not in themselves the image of God.  Rather, they are aspects of how the image of God is expressed.  The rational, moral, spiritual, and physical aspects of our being are how we relate to God and to our fellow human beings.  Thus, to say that humanity is created in the image of God is to say that humanity is created to be in relationship with God—that humanity is created to be in community with each other.

By looking at the Biblical passage, we see that God is not creating each individual human being in His image.  Rather God creates the whole of humanity in His image.  The fullness of the image of God is thus expressed corporately and communally.

Presbyterians believe that we cannot be truly human by ourselves.  No one can live as a human being created in the image of God independently and self-sufficiently.  We believe that we are fully human only when we live in relationship with God and in community with one another.

What is original sin?
A very common misconception about the doctrine of original sin is that it asserts the inevitability of sin.  And, because it is inevitable, one is not responsible for the sins which one commits.  But this is not what the doctrine asserts.  Presbyterians believe that a person is always responsible for the acts of sin which he or she commits.  The doctrine of original sin is not a way of renouncing our accountability for our sinful actions.  This doctrine is not about the sins which we commit—original sin is all about the sin which we are.

“Original sin” is the doctrine that the original sin of the first human beings has detrimentally changed the nature of all of humankind.  In the Scriptures, we read that the first humans effectively decided that they were not content being humans who lived in relationship with God.  They preferred instead to be like God—wanting to claim for themselves what is right and wrong; what is good and evil.  They wanted to have a righteousness of their own rather than derive their righteousness from their relationship with God.  They wanted a righteousness of their own rather than one derived from the image of God.  (Genesis 3)

Presbyterians believe that, because of the original sin of the first human beings, humanity’s relationship with God is broken, and we no longer reflect the image of God.  We believe that the image of God, which the original sin removed from humankind, can only be restored when the relationship between us and God is re-established and humanity is reconciled to God.